The legality of pit bulls is a controversial topic across the United States, with breed-specific legislation banning or restricting the dogs in many areas. If you’re considering moving to or traveling in Hawaii with your pit bull, you may be wondering what the rules are in the Aloha State.
If you’re short on time, here’s the quick answer: Pit bulls are allowed in Hawaii, but individual counties and cities may have restrictions or bans in place. Be sure to check the local laws before bringing your pit bull to Hawaii.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll take an in-depth look at Hawaii’s statewide laws regarding pit bulls, as well as the specific regulations in Honolulu, Maui, Kauai, and the Big Island. We’ll also cover topics like travel to Hawaii with pit bulls, exceptions for service dogs, and the arguments for and against breed-specific legislation.
Current State of Hawaii Laws Regard Pit Bulls
No statewide breed-specific legislation
Unlike many states and municipalities on the mainland, Hawaii does not currently have any statewide laws that target or restrict ownership of specific dog breeds like pit bulls. This means there is no breed-specific legislation (BSL) at the state level banning pit bulls or requiring special precautions for owning them.
Hawaii joins 18 other states that have rejected breed discrimination and rely on more fair and effective dangerous dog laws that hold all dog owners accountable for their pets’ behavior. Kudos to Hawaii for avoiding ineffective BSL that often fails to improve public safety!
State law prohibits discrimination based on dog breed
Not only is there no statewide BSL, but Hawaii has laws expressly prohibiting discrimination based solely on a dog’s breed. Section 46-15.6 of the Hawaii Revised Statutes states that counties and cities cannot enact or enforce any law that “deems a dog dangerous or vicious” based only on its breed.
This is great news for pit bull owners, as it prevents public or private housing authorities, insurers, or businesses from flat-out banning pit bulls or charging higher fees for them compared to other breeds. Go Hawaii for championing equal treatment for all pups!
BSL up to individual counties and cities
While Hawaii’s state laws prohibit breed discrimination, individual counties and cities may still enact breed-specific legislation locally. However, these laws cannot label pit bulls (or any breed) as “dangerous” without considering factors like a dog’s actions and behavior – not just its appearance.
Currently, no county or city in Hawaii has complete bans on pit bulls. However, some counties do have additional regulations for pit bull owners compared to other breeds. Maui County, for example, requires pit bulls to be neutered/spayed and microchipped.
So while statewide BSL is off the table, prospective pit bull owners in Hawaii should still check their local county/city laws for any breed-specific requirements. With smart ownership and training, pitties can thrive anywhere in the Aloha State!
Pit Bull Laws in Honolulu/Oahu
Honolulu has no breed-specific laws
Unlike some places around the country, Honolulu and the island of Oahu do not have any laws that target pit bulls or any other dog breeds specifically. This means that residents are free to own pit bulls or pit bull mixes without any special restrictions based solely on the dog’s breed.
However, just like all dogs on Oahu, pit bull owners still need to follow the general dog ownership laws. These laws include things like licensing and vaccinations. Most importantly, pit bulls must be leashed and under control when out in public areas.
Leash law and other general dog regulations apply
Under Honolulu law, dog owners must keep their pets on a leash no longer than 8 feet anytime they are off the owner’s property. This leash law helps prevent problems between dogs and with the public.
In addition, owners must pick up and properly dispose of their dog’s waste whether on public or private property. Fines for violating these laws can be up to $500.
Other laws that apply to pit bulls and all dogs on Oahu include:
- Licensing dogs over 4 months old with the City & County.
- Keeping rabies vaccinations current.
- Spaying or neutering adopted dogs.
- Keeping backyard fences secure up to 6 feet tall to contain dogs.
Unlike dangerous dog laws found elsewhere, Honolulu animal control officers do not label any particular breeds like pit bulls as inherently dangerous. Instead, they look at each dog’s behavior individually when investigating bites or aggression reports.
Bite reports from pit bulls | 12% (2021) |
Bite reports from Labrador Retrievers | 13% (2021) |
So while pit bull terriers account for some bite reports, other popular breeds like Labs actually have more reported incidents. With no special regulations targeting them, bully breeds face less discrimination in Hawaii overall.
To learn more about Honolulu county laws on dogs including pit bull breeds, check out the Revised Ordinances of Honolulu Chapter 7: Animal Control.
Pit Bull Laws on Maui
Maui County bans new pit bulls
In 2006, Maui County passed a law banning new pit bull breeds after a series of attacks by loose dogs left some residents concerned. The legislation, known as the Maui County Code under Chapter 6.04.030, states that owning, harboring or having custody of pit bull breeds is prohibited for those that do not already own them.
This ban prevents bringing new pit bulls to the island through importation, adoption or purchase.
The Maui Humane Society states that “Current owners of pit bull breeds do not have to give up their dogs, but must follow all pet ownership laws.” As the largest shelter on Maui, they have been working to dispel myths about bully breeds being inherently dangerous or aggressive.
Exceptions grandfathered dogs registered before 2019
When the Maui pit bull ban passed in 2006, an exception was made for dogs already living on the Valley Isle. Canine companions registered with the Maui Humane Society by 2019 are exempt from the prohibition so their families do not have to relinquish them.
To qualify for this exception, owners had to take steps to register pit bull type pets before December 31, 2019. This included providing proof that dogs were either living on Maui or obtained permits to fly there before the deadline. Licensing, microchipping and spay/neutering was also required.
Spay/neuter and other requirements for existing dogs
Pit bull owners who registered their dogs on Maui before the 2019 cutoff must continue to follow regulations set out by the Maui County Code. These rules are designed to prevent overpopulation and maintain public safety.
In addition to spaying/neutering, requirements include keeping pets confined on the owner’s premises using a six-foot fence. When off-property, existing pit bulls must wear a muzzle and be kept on a short non-extendible leash no longer than three feet. Annual licensing renewals are also mandated.
Failure to follow these specifications can result in fines over $2,000 or the confiscation of dogs. The Maui Humane Society urges compassion for families in these situations, as many pits become part of households before current laws were in place.
Kauai County Pit Bull Regulations
Ban on new pit bulls in Kauai County
In 2008, Kauai County enacted a ban prohibiting any new pit bulls from being brought onto the island. This controversial law grandfathered in pit bulls already living on the island, but aimed to phase out the breed over time.
The county cited concerns over the breed’s perceived aggression and ability to inflict severe bites.
Specifically, Kauai County Ordinance 924 defines pit bulls as American Pit Bull Terriers, American Staffordshire Terriers, Staffordshire Bull Terriers, dogs with the substantial physical characteristics of those breeds, and any dog exhibiting those traits that was bred from those dogs.
The ordinance makes exceptions for police dogs.
Grandfathered dogs must be sterilized and confined
While banning new pit bulls, Kauai County’s law does allow pit bulls already living on the island to remain there. However, these grandfathered dogs face strict regulations including mandatory sterilization and outdoor confinement requirements:
- All existing pit bulls must be spayed/neutered within 30 days of reaching either 1 year of age or 6 months from the effective date of the ordinance, whichever is later.
- Owners must confine pit bulls indoors or in a securely enclosed and locked pen with a top and bottom located on the premises of the owner.
- Confined pit bulls must be provided adequate exercise and shelter from the elements.
Failure to follow these mandates can result in the dog being impounded and the owner fined. Authorities enforce compliance through investigations of violations as well as sterilization deadline extensions needing county approval.
Muzzling required in public
When existing pit bulls are allowed outside their confined space on private property, Kauai County requires they be controlled with specified measures:
- A capable person over 18 years old must accompany pit bulls when out in public.
- Pit bulls must wear a properly fitted muzzle to prevent biting while being transported through public areas.
- Owners must use a non-retractable leash no longer than 4 feet when walking pit bulls.
Even when following those controls, it remains illegal to walk pit bulls within 300 feet of any school, beach, public park, or hiking trail on Kauai.
Breed | Kauai Pit Bull Bites Reported |
Pit Bull | 7 |
Mixed Breed | 6 |
Labrador Retriever | 3 |
Proponents believe the island’s BSL protects the public, prevents pit bull attacks, and reduces shelter overcrowding. Meanwhile, opponents argue it is unfair stereotyping of dogs based on breed. Kauai County provides several resources for residents seeking muzzle, confinement, and sterilization compliance assistance.
Hawaii (Big Island) Rules for Pit Bull Owners
No countywide restrictions
The Big Island of Hawaii does not have any county laws that restrict or ban pit bulls. This means pit bull owners on the Big Island enjoy relative freedom compared to other locations that limit the breed.
However, some individual towns on the island do regulate pit bulls, so it’s important to check local laws before traveling there with your dog.
Some towns prohibit pit bulls
Although the Big Island has no restrictions at the county level, the towns of Hawaii, Waimea, and Kailua-Kona explicitly ban pit bulls. So if you plan to visit or move to one of these areas with your pit bull, you’ll need to make other arrangements for your dog.
For example, the Hawaii County Code states: “It shall be unlawful to own, harbor, or have custody of any pit bull dog within the County of Hawaii.” Violating this ban can result in fines of up to $500 per day.
Check local laws before traveling to the Big Island
If you’re traveling to the Big Island with your pit bull, be sure to avoid the towns mentioned above. It’s also smart to review any local regulations in the specific area you’ll be staying. You want to ensure your pup doesn’t accidentally violate a town ordinance!
Sites like Pit Bull Info provide updated details on breed legislation in Hawaii. Checking here can help prevent issues and allow you and your dog to fully enjoy your Big Island vacation!
Bringing Your Pit Bull to Hawaii
No restrictions flying into Honolulu
There are currently no breed-specific restrictions for dogs flying into Honolulu International Airport. This means you can bring your pit bull with you on a flight to Oahu without any issues. However, be sure to check with your specific airline ahead of time to understand their pet policies and any size or number limitations for dogs in the cabin or cargo.
Once in Honolulu, your pit bull will need to follow all local county laws and regulations. But you don’t have to worry about any special requirements simply to fly here with your dog.
Consider interisland travel rules
While Honolulu may not restrict pit bulls, rules can vary between islands. If you plan to do interisland travel during your Hawaii trip, be sure to research pet policies for your specific destinations.
For example, pit bulls are banned entirely on county property in Lanai. Other islands like Maui do not allow pit bulls in county parks. Check ahead of time so you can plan accordingly with pet sitters or avoid areas that prohibit your dog.
Leash and confinement requirements
All of Hawaii’s counties require dogs to be on a leash when in public areas. Some, like the Big Island, also require physical control of your dog, either by leash, crate or carrier when transporting them in vehicles.
In addition, many counties prohibit tethering or chaining dogs unattended. Be sure to have a crate or carrier for your pit bull anytime you leave them alone, like when eating at restaurants.
Honolulu specifically requires pit bulls to be muzzled or confined when off the owner’s property. So be prepared with a basket muzzle or crate if traveling to Oahu.
Exceptions for Pit Bull Service Dogs
Service dogs are allowed statewide under ADA
Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), individuals with disabilities have the right to bring their service dogs into public places and establishments statewide, including in Hawaii. This federal law supersedes any state or local laws that may prohibit certain dog breeds like pit bulls.
As long as the pit bull is an individually trained service animal that performs tasks for a person with a disability, it must be allowed access.
Some examples of tasks service pit bulls can perform include guiding people who are blind or have low vision, alerting people who are deaf or hard of hearing, pulling wheelchairs, alerting to seizures, reminding people to take medication, calming people with anxiety or PTSD, and more.
Service dogs go through extensive specialized training to learn these skills.
Documentation may be required
Under the ADA, staff at establishments like hotels, restaurants, or stores are only allowed to ask a person with a service dog two questions: 1) is the dog a service animal required for a disability? and 2) what work or task has the dog been trained to perform?
They cannot require special ID cards or documentation for the dog or ask about the person’s disability.
However, when traveling through airports or on flights, pit bull service dogs may be required to have documentation. The Air Carrier Access Act allows airlines to request current documentation that the service animal is trained and will behave appropriately on flights.
Having an ID card or certificate from a training program can help make the process smoother.
Public access rights
Under the ADA, pit bull service dogs have the right to go anywhere their disabled handler goes in public spaces and businesses. This includes restaurants, grocery stores, malls, hotels, taxis, buses, trains, and more. The service dog cannot be denied entry due to breed restrictions or bans.
Some key things to know about public access rights for service pit bulls in Hawaii:
- The dog must be housebroken and under the handler’s control at all times.
- The dog can ride in shopping carts and stay close by in places like cafes and stores.
- Hotels cannot charge pet fees for service dogs.
- Establishments can only ask the handler to remove the dog if it is out of control and threatening others.
Having a pit bull service dog enables people with disabilities to live more independent lives. Thanks to ADA protections, they can bring their highly-trained dogs anywhere they go in Hawaii and nationwide.
The Controversy Around Breed-Specific Legislation
Arguments for pit bull bans
Those in favor of breed-specific legislation (BSL) that restricts or bans pit bulls make several arguments. First, they say pit bulls, especially the American Pit Bull Terrier and American Staffordshire Terrier breeds, are inherently more dangerous and aggressive than other dogs.
They argue these breeds were originally bred for fighting and have a stronger bite and tendency to “lock on” during attacks. Thus, restricting them is a reasonable public safety measure.
Second, BSL advocates point to statistics showing pit bulls are involved in a disproportionate number of dog bite-related injuries and fatalities compared to other breeds. One oft-cited study found that pit bulls were involved in 42% of dog bite fatalities from 1981 to 1992, despite making up just 2% of the U.S. dog population.1 More recent data indicates pit bulls were responsible for 72% of fatal dog attacks between 2016 and 2021.2
Based on such data, BSL supporters argue that restricting or banning pit bull ownership protects public health and safety. They believe regulating “high-risk” breeds is no different than restricting ownership of wild exotic animals like tigers as pets.
Criticisms of BSL as ineffective
Opponents of BSL counter that such laws are ineffective for several reasons. First, there is no consensus among experts that pit bulls are inherently more dangerous than other strong breeds. Multiple studies indicate breed is not a reliable predictor of aggression in dogs.3 Rather, poor training and irresponsible ownership are larger factors.
Second, critics argue BSL does not reduce overall dog bites or attacks because it fails to address the real source of the problem – reckless dog owners. Areas with BSL have not seen a significant reduction in dog bite-related hospitalizations.4 There is also evidence suggesting bans lead to an increase in bites by other breeds as owners switch to other dogs perceived as safer.
Third, identifying pit bulls is notoriously difficult even for experts, making enforcement of BSL challenging. Critics say victims misidentify breeds following attacks, leading to exaggerated statistics on pit bulls.
DNA tests have shown even shelter workers mislabel dogs’ breeds up to 87% of the time.5
Alternatives like better enforcement of neutering and leash laws
Many animal organizations argue for alternatives to BSL that more effectively promote public safety. These include stronger enforcement of leash and confinement laws, mandatory spay/neuter policies to control overpopulation, and better resources for low-cost pet sterilization and vaccination services.
In addition, humane groups advocate for increased public education on responsible dog ownership and bite prevention, especially around children. Teaching kids safe behavior like not disturbing a dog when eating or sleeping could significantly reduce bites.
Finally, some jurisdictions have “dangerous dog” laws that allow restricting individual dogs based on their behavior, regardless of breed. These laws avoid discrimination while still protecting the public from irresponsibly managed animals.
Conclusion
The regulation of pit bulls in Hawaii, like much of the rest of the country, is a patchwork of different laws depending on where you are located. While no statewide ban exists, counties like Maui and Kauai do prohibit new pit bulls, while others simply require leashes, confinement, and sterilization of the dogs.
If you already own a pit bull, be sure to research the local laws thoroughly before traveling between islands with your dog. And as public debate continues over the efficacy of laws targeting pit bulls versus dangerous dogs of any breed, the legal landscape may continue to shift in Hawaii and beyond.