The Caucasian Shepherd and Rottweiler are both formidable guard dogs known for their protective instincts and imposing presence. If you’re trying to decide which powerful breed is the best fit for your family and property, there are several important factors to weigh.
If you’re short on time, here’s the quick answer: Both the Caucasian Shepherd and Rottweiler can make excellent guard dogs, but the Caucasian is generally calmer and more even-tempered, while the Rottweiler tends to bond more closely with their owners.
The Rottweiler may fare better in families with children.
In this comprehensive 3,000 word guide, we’ll cover everything you need to know to choose between these two magnificent guard dog breeds. You’ll learn about their size, temperament, exercise needs, health issues, training requirements, and suitability for families with kids and other pets.
We’ll also provide tips from experts on how to pick the right breeder and puppy to set your dog up for success as a guardian.
Origins and Background
Caucasian Shepherd history and origins
The Caucasian Shepherd is an ancient molosser dog breed that originated in the Caucasus Mountains of Eastern Europe. There is evidence that these large, muscular dogs existed in this region since the Bronze Age over 2,000 years ago.
They were developed by nomadic shepherds to protect livestock from predators like wolves, bears, and jackals in the rough mountainous terrain. Over the centuries, their size, strength, fearlessness and loyalty made them unmatched guardians of flocks and families.
Some historians believe the breed’s ancestors may have included ancient Tibetan Mastiffs and other Asian guardian breeds that likely migrated with nomadic tribes to Europe. The Caucasian Shepherd became a fixture across the region, especially in Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Dagestan and Southern Russia where they still hold an important role guarding property today.
Rottweiler history and origins
The Rottweiler originated as a drover and guardian dog for cattle herds in the town of Rottweil, Germany during the Roman Empire. Their history dates back to 74 A.D. when Roman legions traveled across Europe. The Roman drover dogs likely bred with local dogs, creating early Rottweilers.
They continued to be utilized as cattle dogs through the Middle Ages, driving livestock to market and protecting them from thieves and predators. In the 19th century, their intelligence and strength were harnessed by German butchers to pull carts of meat to market.
At the same time, German police began training Rottweilers as K-9 officers. In the early 20th century, Rottweilers were introduced to other parts of Europe and America, where they were employed as service dogs, guide dogs, search & rescue dogs and guardians.
Today they remain popular working dogs as well as family companions.
Why were they originally bred
Both the Caucasian Shepherd and the Rottweiler were originally bred to fill working roles. The Caucasian Shepherd was developed by ancient shepherds in the Caucasus Mountains to protect livestock from predators and thieves.
Their massive size, strength, fearlessness and agility made them ideal guardians in the harsh mountainous terrain. The Rottweiler has its origins as a cattle herding and driving dog. Their intelligence, robust athleticism and protective temperament suited them perfectly to keep cattle herds together and ward off predators.
Later, they were employed to pull butcher’s carts and assist German police. Both breeds exhibit the working traits of their ancestry even today, making them excellent guard dogs and protectors.
Size, Appearance and Coat
Height, weight and build
The Caucasian Shepherd is a giant breed, with males standing 30 inches tall and weighing 170 pounds or more. Females are at least 28 inches tall and weigh around 150 pounds. They have a strong, muscular and imposing appearance with a large head and intimidating stare.
In contrast, the Rottweiler is a large, not giant breed, with males reaching 24-27 inches tall and weighing 95-135 pounds. Females range 22-25 inches tall weighing 80-100 pounds. The Rottweiler is still a powerful dog with a robust build, but is obviously smaller than the Caucasian Shepherd.
Both the Caucasian Shepherd and Rottweiler breeds have bodies slightly longer than they are tall. However, the general proportionate balance of size-to-height of the Rottie is greater. These breeds have sturdy front quarters supporting muscular hind ends.
Their physical presence commands notice and respect.
Coat length, texture and shedding
The Caucasian Shepherd has a medium-length double coat designed to protect it from harsh, cold mountain conditions. The topcoat is straight and coarse with a dense, soft undercoat. The Rottweiler has a medium, double coat with shorter hair. The outer coat is straight, coarse and dense.
Both dogs are constant, heavy shedders. The Caucasian blows its coat once to twice yearly requiring extra brushing and grooming. Frequent vacuuming is a must for owners of both breeds!
Color variations
Although many solid or mostly solid coat colors are permissible in the breed standard, the Caucasian Shepherd generally presents in lighter solid colors or black and white. Common coat colors include solid white, black, fawn, cream, pale gray or tan.
Rottweilers have rich black coats with clearly defined rust or mahogany markings on the cheeks, legs, chest and paws. A small white patch on the chest is permissible. Overall, the Rottweiler has a more limited range of preferred coat colors compared to Caucasian Shepherds.
While color preferences exist in both breeds, overall temperament, health and working ability is deemed more important. However, among responsible breeders and enthusiasts, deviations from expected colors and patterns raises concerns regarding purebred lineage.
Temperament and Personality Traits
Protective instincts as guard dogs
Both the Caucasian Shepherd and Rottweiler are extremely protective guard dogs that use their imposing size and strength to deter potential threats. According to the American Kennel Club, the Caucasian Shepherd has very strong territorial instincts and will place itself between its family and any perceived danger.
Similarly, the Rottweiler is described by the United Kennel Club as being a confident protector that takes its role as a guard dog very seriously.
Aggression towards strangers and dogs
The Caucasian Shepherd can be unwaveringly aggressive towards strangers, especially when guarding their territory. Without extensive socialization from an early age, they may see all unfamiliar people as threats.
Rottweilers can also show aggression towards strangers, but this is greatly minimized through early and frequent socialization. Both breeds may be aggressive towards other dogs of the same sex.
Trainability and obedience
The Rottweiler is the more trainable and obedient of the two breeds. According to Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Rottweilers are eager to please their owners and pick up on training fairly easily. Caucasian Shepherds, while very intelligent, can be stubborn and determined, making consistent training challenging for some owners.
Suitability for families with children
Properly trained and socialized Rottweilers do very well with children in the home, forming strong bonds and gently playing with kids. However, Caucasian Shepherds may not be the best choice for families with young children as they tend to take their guarding duties very seriously and may mistake normal childhood behavior as threatening.
Supervision is essential if raising a Caucasian Shepherd alongside children.
Compatibility with other pets
Caucasian Shepherd | Not recommended for homes with small pets like cats due to their high prey drive and guarding instincts |
Rottweiler | Can coexist with cats and other dogs when properly socialized, though same-sex aggression is possible |
Exercise, Activity Levels, and Living Conditions
Ideal Habitat and Housing
Both the Caucasian Shepherd and Rottweiler do best in a home with a spacious, fenced yard where they can exercise and patrol freely. The Caucasian Shepherd is bred to withstand very cold temperatures, having originated in the Caucasus Mountain region, while the Rottweiler prefers more temperate climates.
Both breeds should be kept primarily outdoors or at least have access to both indoor and outdoor housing options.
Yard Space and Containment Requirements
Due to their large size and guarding instincts, the Caucasian Shepherd and Rottweiler require strong fencing preferably 6 feet tall or higher. Underground electronic fencing is usually not sufficient containment for these breeds.
Both dogs also do well with access to a barn or enclosure area where they can sleep protected from the elements. A minimum of 1/2 acre is recommended for adequate exercise space.
Daily Exercise Needs
The Caucasian Shepherd and Rottweiler have somewhat similar exercise requirements of about 1-2 hours per day. Activities like brisk walking, playing fetch, or structured obedience training will help meet their needs.
Without an outlet for their energy, these powerful guard dogs may become frustrated or destructive. Both breeds will self-exercise with ample yard space to patrol and guard.
Tolerance for Weather and Climates
- The Caucasian Shepherd is extremely cold hardy, able to tolerate frigid winter temperatures and mountain conditions.
- The Rottweiler prefers more temperate climates and does not tolerate heat or cold extremes very well. They are best suited to areas with milder weather.
Overall Activity Level
Breed | Activity Level |
---|---|
Caucasian Shepherd | Moderate energy, but become very active when guarding territory |
Rottweiler | Moderate energy, but require adequate exercise outlets |
Training and Socialization Requirements
Challenges in training each breed
Both the Caucasian Shepherd and the Rottweiler can be challenging to train due to their strong guarding instincts and tendency towards dominance. However, there are some key differences in the training challenges presented by each breed:
- Caucasian Shepherds have an extremely independent nature that can make them resist commands or training that does not align with their own desires or instincts. Building a bond of trust and establishing yourself clearly as the leader is essential.
- Rottweilers aim to please their owners and may be easier to motivate with rewards-based training, but require experienced handling to manage their protective instincts. Both breeds need a firm, consistent hand.
Essential commands to teach
There are several key commands owners of either breed should focus on during training:
- Basic obedience: Sit, stay, come, heel, down
- Impulse control: Leave it, drop it, enough
- Settling: Place, crate, go to your bed
Mastering these commands allows owners to gain better control over these large, powerful guard dogs in any situation.
Socialization as a puppy
Early and extensive socialization is imperative for both breeds, particularly the Caucasian Shepherd due to its strong protective instincts. Key socialization tips include:
- Expose puppy to a wide variety of people, animals, places, sights and sounds in a controlled, positive manner
- Reward calm or friendly behavior around strangers and new stimuli
- Avoid pushing too far too fast to prevent negative experiences which may increase fear or aggression
- Enroll in organized puppy socialization classes starting at 8-12 weeks old
Proper socialization builds confidence in the unfamiliar and helps prevent unwarranted aggression or territorial behavior as adults.
Ongoing training needs
Caucasian Shepherds and Rottweilers require lifelong training and socialization maintenance to be model canine citizens, including:
- Reinforcement of obedience skills learned as a puppy
- Exposure to a range of environments/people to maintain social comfort
- Close supervision when interacting with strangers or off home territory
- Advanced training (e.g. Canine Good Citizen test) optional for better public access rights
Caucasian Shepherd | Rottweiler |
At least 30 minutes training daily | At least 15 minutes training daily |
Will test boundaries continually | Eager to reinforce bond with owner |
Both breeds have high exercise needs as well (>2 hours per day). Meeting their physical and mental stimulation needs makes them more trainable and easier to handle.
Grooming, Shedding and General Care
Brushing and Coat Maintenance
Regular brushing is essential for both breeds to minimize shedding and keep their thick double coats neat and tidy. The Caucasian Shepherd has a longer coat that requires more frequent brushing than the shorter haired Rottweiler.
A good rule of thumb is to brush the Caucasian Shepherd two or three times per week and the Rottweiler once or twice. Using a slicker brush and undercoat rake will remove dead hairs before they shed all over your home.
Bathing Requirements
Both the Caucasian Shepherd and Rottweiler only need occasional baths, like when they get especially dirty from outdoor play or work. Bathing them too often can dry out their skin. Veterinarians typically recommend bathing these breeds every two or three months at most.
Use a mild dog shampoo and thoroughly rinse out all soap residues.
Nail Trimming and Dental Care
These large breeds are prone to cracked nails if allowed to get too long. Aim to trim their nails once or twice a month, using proper nail clippers made for dogs. Their teeth also require regular brushing to prevent plaque buildup leading to dental disease.
Vets advise brushing two or three times a week.
Shedding and Cleanliness
Both the Rottweiler and Caucasian Shepherd shed moderately year-round, and more heavily during shedding seasons in the spring and fall. The Caucasian Shepherd sheds slightly more due to its long coat. Having a good vacuum cleaner is a must to keep up with the tumbleweeds of hair they leave behind!
It also helps to brush them frequently and give occasional baths when needed.
Health Issues and Lifespan
Major health problems in each breed
Two of the most common health issues in Caucasian Shepherd dogs are hip and elbow dysplasia. This painful condition occurs when the joints don’t form properly, leading to arthritis. Rottweilers are also prone to hip dysplasia, as well as a number of other major issues like cardiomyopathy and osteosarcoma (bone cancer).
Minor health issues to screen for
Some other health problems to look out for in Caucasian Shepherds include eye issues like entropion, ectropion and progressive retinal atrophy (PRA). For Rottweilers, additional tests should screen for thyroid problems, von Willebrand’s disease (vWD) and autoimmune diseases.
Sensitivity to heat, cold or allergies
With their thick double coats, Caucasian Shepherds are generally tolerant of both hot and cold weather. However, they still need access to shade and water in the heat. Rottweilers don’t do as well in extreme temperatures and need to be monitored for signs of overheating or chilling.
Allergies are not a major concern for either breed, although some individuals may be sensitive to certain foods or environmental allergens. It’s a good idea to monitor for symptoms like itchy skin or ears.
Typical lifespan
The average lifespan for a Caucasian Shepherd is 10-12 years, while Rottweilers tend to live about 9-10 years on average. With proper care and health testing, dogs of both breeds can live into the early teens.
Finding a Ethical Breeder and Puppy
Questions to ask breeders
When searching for a responsible, ethical breeder of either Caucasian Shepherds or Rottweilers, you’ll want to ask several key questions like: “What health and genetic tests have you performed on the sire and dam? “, “Can I meet the puppies’ parents?
“, and “Do you have references from past puppy buyers I can contact?”. Reputable breeders should test for breed-specific conditions like hip dysplasia in both breeds, have parent dogs on-site, and be happy to provide references on request.
Things to look for in a breeder
Some top things to look for when evaluating breeders, according to the American Kennel Club, include clean facilities, healthy, socialized puppies, and evidence of titles, health testing, and involvement in breed clubs by the breeder. You’ll want to see pedigree paperwork and health guaranties too.
The best breeders stand behind their pups!
Red flags to watch out for
Be wary of breeders who seem focused on money over animal welfare, pressure buyers, or won’t allow you to see where puppies or parents are raised. According to veterinarians, other big red flags include no health testing or concerns about inbreeding, lack of questions about your home, and no guidance or support offered after purchase.
Visiting the litter and dam
✔️ Check the puppies’ energy levels, traits, growth. | ❌ No way to check conditions, observe behavior. |
✔️ Assess the mother dog’s temperament. | ❌ Can hide health/behavior issues. |
Choosing the right puppy
When selecting the best Caucasian Shepherd or Rottweiler puppy for you, evaluate their confidence, energy, interactions with people and environment. Use wisdom from the breeder, noting which pups they favor. Custom match exercise needs, traits like protectiveness, and guarding instincts.
Prepare for their large size, with Rotties reaching 95-135 lbs and Caucasian 120-200 lbs!
Costs of Ownership
Purchase price from breeder
When it comes to purchasing a Caucasian Shepherd or Rottweiler puppy from a breeder, you can expect to pay anywhere from $1,000 to $2,500. Caucasian Shepherds tend to be on the more expensive end of that spectrum due to their rarity.
Rottweilers are a bit more common, so you may find them for $1,000 to $1,500. However, a top breeder of champion bloodline Rottweilers could charge up to $2,500 per pup.
Medical and supplies expenses
Both breeds have similar medical and supply costs. As large breed dogs, hip and elbow dysplasia are concerns, so you may need to budget for x-rays to screen for these issues. Annual vet visits will likely run $200-300, heartworm and flea/tick medication about $150-250 per year, and high quality dog food around $700-800 annually.
Both will need obedience training, budget $100-200 for group classes. Since they are working breeds, interactive toys are a must – expect to spend $50-100 on tough chew toys. These are all approximate costs that can vary based on your location and individual dog’s needs.
Food, treats and toys budget
Due to their large size, Caucasian Shepherds and Rottweilers eat quite a bit! You can expect to spend $60-100 per month on high quality kibble. Be sure to factor in treats like bully sticks, bones, or puzzle toys too – these intelligent dogs need mental stimulation. Budget $30-50 monthly for these.
Replacing toys they destroy can cost $20-40 per month. The food and toy budget for one of these big dogs is around $100-150 monthly. If you have multiple dogs, plan for higher costs. Buying in bulk and looking for sales can help save on both kibble and toys.
Boarding and pet sitting costs
When you need to be away, these special needs dogs require more expensive care than a smaller breed might. Due to their guarding instincts, a standard kennel is not ideal. In-home pet sitting or boarding at a facility experienced with the breed is best, which starts around $50-75 per night.
If you travel frequently, this can really add up! Consider your lifestyle and if you can provide proper care for these dogs when you are away. An annual two week vacation could easily cost $700+ just for boarding.
Friends and family may pet sit for free, but getting someone comfortable handling these large guard dog breeds is tough. Keep boarding costs in mind as a long-term expense of owning a Caucasian Shepherd or Rottweiler.
Conclusion
We hope this guide has helped you gain clarity on which of these two phenomenal guard dog breeds is best for your homestead. While the imposing Caucasian Shepherd and loyal Rottweiler share many traits, some key differences set them apart.
The gentle giant Caucasian Shepherd tends to be calmer and more independent, making them an excellent low maintenance option for a remote property with few visitors. Families will appreciate their even temper around children.
Meanwhile, the alert and eager-to-please Rottweiler thrives when they can spend lots of time with their owners and bond deeply with all members of the household.