Axolotls are already quite fascinating creatures, but green axolotls are exceptionally rare. If you’ve ever wondered why some axolotls are green or how they get their unique color, you’ve come to the right place.
If you’re short on time, here’s a quick answer: Green axolotls get their color from a genetic mutation that causes them to produce more blue pigment than normal axolotls.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll cover everything you need to know about the magical green axolotl. We’ll discuss what makes them green, why they’re so rare, their genetics, how to care for them, where to buy one, and much more.
What Is a Green Axolotl?
Basic description and facts about green axolotls
The green axolotl is a rare and fascinating variant of the popular amphibian pet species known as the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum). Axolotls come in a variety of colors, including wild-type brown, albino, melanoid (black), leucistic (white with black eyes), and the very rare green hue.
Green axolotls get their distinctive color from a genetic mutation that causes them to produce larger amounts of a pigment called biliverdin. This pigment is commonly found in fish like koi and is linked to the greenish color.
So while regular axolotls are unable to produce much biliverdin, green axolotls have a mutation that allows extra production and distribution of this special pigment.
Due to their genetic uniqueness, green axolotls are one of the rarest color variants found within the axolotl trade. They comprise an estimated 1% or less of the captive axolotl population. Most come from specialized breeding efforts focused on amplifying this uncommon trait.
Sadly, some dishonest breeders may inject axolotls with dye or hormones to artificially create green coloring.
Aside from their distinct green hue, green axolotls share all the same traits and care requirements as typical axolotls. Here are some interesting facts about these amazing amphibians:
- Axolotls are a type of salamander, with the unique trait of retaining their larval features like gills and fins into adulthood (a phenomenon called neoteny).
- They originate from Lake Xochimilco in the highlands of Mexico City and are now critically endangered in the wild.
- Axolotls are quite large for salamanders, reaching lengths of 9-12 inches at maturity.
- They have a variety of unique adaptations like highly regenerative limbs and the ability to breed easily in captivity.
- Axolotls are carnivores and eat a diet of worms, crustaceans, insect larvae, small fish, and pellets.
- They require cool water, preferring temperatures between 60-68°F.
- Axolotls can live for 10-15 years with proper care and conditions.
While green coloring does not change an axolotl’s general needs and attributes, it does make them highly sought-after by pet keepers and aquarists. Green axolotls and their embryos also play an important role in scientific research.
Their pigment mutations allow study of color development and expression in vertebrates.
What Makes Green Axolotls Green?
Green axolotls get their unique color from a rare genetic mutation that affects how pigment cells called melanocytes function. Melanocytes produce melanin, which gives skin, feathers, fur, and scales their color.
In most axolotls, the melanocytes produce dark black pigment which results in a black or brown amphibian. But in green axolotls, a mutation causes their melanocytes to not produce as much pigment, making the skin appear greenish-yellow instead.
The specific genetic mutation responsible is thought to interfere with an enzyme called tyrosinase that is essential for melanin synthesis. With lower tyrosinase activity, less melanin is made in the melanocytes, drastically changing the axolotl’s coloration.
Interestingly, green axolotls retain dark eyes as the mutation only impacts skin cells. While incredibly rare, this random genetic mixup yields a beautifully unusual green amphibian that has fascinated people for decades.
Understanding the biological processes behind their minty fresh hue highlights the wonders of genetics and natural diversity. So next time you see a green axolotl, take a moment appreciate this quirky quirk of genetics!
Why Are Green Axolotls So Rare?
Green axolotls are a rare and fascinating variation of the popular amphibian pet. Here are some of the main reasons why green axolotls are so uncommon compared to the more typical gray/brown wild-type axolotls:
Genetic Mutation
The green coloration is caused by a genetic mutation affecting melanin distribution. Axolotls usually have black pigment cells distributed across their bodies, which give them their dark gray or brown wild-type color. The mutation prevents melanin from spreading properly, resulting in a greenish hue.
This mutation occurs randomly and is not intentionally bred.
Difficulty Breeding
Due to the rarity of the genetic mutation, green axolotls are hard to intentionally breed. Breeders may wait years before a green axolotl is produced in a spawn. Green is also a recessive trait, so both parent axolotls must carry the gene to produce green offspring.
The odds of breeding two carriers is very low.
Challenges Surviving in the Wild
The green coloration likely makes axolotls more visible to predators. This puts green axolotls at a survival disadvantage in the wild compared to their camouflaged brown counterparts. Very few green axolotls would survive long enough to reproduce and pass on their color mutation.
Small Founder Population
Only a handful of green axolotls were likely collected from the wild to establish the pet population. With such a limited gene pool, extensive inbreeding depression can occur. This reduces the health and fertility of individuals over generations.
Delicate Captive Population
Wild-Type Axolotls | Green Axolotls |
---|---|
Over 1 million estimated worldwide | Likely less than 1,000 worldwide |
Readily available from breeders | Only a few breeders work with greens |
Cost ~$20-$60 | Cost ~$200+ due to rarity |
The existing green axolotl population is extremely fragile compared to common pet axolotls. Due to their rarity, greens are still poorly genetically understood. Only a handful of dedicated breeders work with these unique axolotls.
Any breeding challenges or diseases could quickly wipe out much of the green variant population.
Difficulty Creating Stable Lines
Green is likely a polygenic trait controlled by multiple genes. Unlike a single-gene mutation, it is challenging to selectively breed green axolotls to create a stable true-breeding line. Most green x green pairings still produce some brown offspring.
Maintaining 100% green production across generations is currently unachievable.
Green Axolotl Genetics
Axolotls are fascinating amphibians that come in a variety of colors, including the rare and stunning green variety. The unique green coloration of these axolotls is the result of some interesting genetics.
Details on their genetic makeup and breeding green axolotls
The green color mutation in axolotls is controlled by a recessive gene. This means that both parents must carry the gene for green coloration to produce green offspring. When a green axolotl is bred with a non-green axolotl, the offspring will be heterozygous for the green gene and display the non-green parent’s color.
Only when two heterozygous offspring are bred together is there a 25% chance of producing a green axolotl.
The specific gene responsible for green coloration in axolotls is the grey gene (g). The grey gene inhibits the production of melanin, which controls coloration. Only homozygous recessive grey axolotls (gg genotype) lack enough melanin to appear green.
Their skin allows the yellow pigment xanthophores to show through, resulting in the light green/yellowish hue.
Due to the intricacies of axolotl genetics, breeding green axolotls can be difficult. Most green axolotls today originated from a single green female discovered in 1961. Since the recessive green mutation is rare, green axolotls are still fairly uncommon, making up an estimated 1% of the captive axolotl population.
Responsible and experienced breeders are needed to continue producing these one-of-a-kind salamanders without weakening the gene pool.
When attempting to breed greens, expert breeders often start with known heterozygous offspring from previous green breedings. Pairing two hets together provides the best shot at producing a green axolotl.
However, since hets still have a 3 in 4 chance of not carrying green, test breedings may be necessary to determine which offspring are true hets. This takes dedication, perseverance, and a bit of luck!
With intricate breeding requirements and low natural occurrence, green axolotls are challenging to produce. But the rewarding and beautiful results are worth the effort for serious axolotl enthusiasts. The rarity of these exotic green creatures only adds to their wonder and appeal!
Caring for a Green Axolotl
Habitat Setup, Water Conditions, Feeding, etc.
Green axolotls require specific habitat conditions to thrive. An appropriate aquarium setup is critical, including factors like tank size, water quality, temperature, filtration, décor, and more. According to axolotl expert websites like Axolotl Central, the minimum recommended tank size for one axolotl is a 20 gallon long aquarium, with an additional 10 gallons per extra axolotl.
Water conditions must be pristine. Axolotls are very sensitive to poor water quality, with ammonia burns being a particular hazard. A fully cycled tank is essential before adding axolotls. The water itself should be dechlorinated and maintained at a pH between 7 and 8, with hardness between 90 and 180 ppm.
Cool temperatures from 60-68° Fahrenheit are vital. Powerful biological and mechanical filtration like canister filters help maintain water quality. Gravel substrate should be very fine or barebottom tanks used to prevent impaction.
Hiding spots and décor should not have sharp edges or loose parts that could harm axolotls when explored.
Feeding appropriate foods in proper amounts prevents obesity and malnutrition. High protein pellets, worms, insect larvae, shrimps, and thawed seafood are excellent choices. Most experts recommend feeding adult axolotls earthworms or pellets once daily, with weekly treats like bloodworms or brine shrimp.
Remove uneaten food within 12 hours to protect water quality. Calcium and vitamin supplements 2-3 times a week promote bone/skin health.
With meticulous habitat setup and care considerations for water quality, temperature, tank décor, nutrition and more, the unique green axolotl can thrive under human care. Establishing the proper environment requires research and specialized equipment like large, filtered aquariums.
Once the habitat is carefully prepared, these captivating salamanders make relatively easy, rewarding pet species. Their otherworldly appearance and comical personalities fascinate herpetoculture enthusiasts.
Where to Buy a Green Axolotl
Information on reputable green axolotl breeders and costs
Green axolotls are a rare and exotic variation of the popular axolotl pet. Their striking emerald color is caused by a genetic mutation that inhibits the production of black pigment. As a newer and rarer color variant still being established in breeding programs, reputable sources for purchasing green axolotls can be difficult to find compared to common variants like wild-type (brown/tan) or leucistic (white) axolotls.
A good breeder of green axolotls will provide high husbandry standards and healthy, ethically bred animals. Factors to look for include:
- Documented lineages free of genetic issues like prone to early death or difficulty thriving
- Quarantine and veterinary health checks for new animals before sale listings
- Appropriate age, size, and development of 4-6 month old juveniles for sale
- Use of enriched rearing techniques for behavior and development
Three reputable green axolotl breeders known for more stringent health and genetic standards are:
- Bill’s Axolotls – With 20+ years experience, they sometimes have green axolotls available from European bloodlines. Animals range from $175-250.
- Supreme Gecko – A newer breeder that utilizes bioactive vivariums to produce good quality green axolotls priced around $150-250.
- Shy Guy Aquatics – Known for a variety of well-bred axolotl morphs, including greens around $135-150 when seasonally available.
Breeder | Price Range | Stock Frequency |
---|---|---|
Bill’s Axolotls | $175-250 | Limited seasons |
Supreme Gecko | $150-250 | Small supply |
Shy Guy Aquatics | $135-150 | 1-2 per month |
Ultimately, green axolotls demand a higher price and more selective sourcing compared to common color morphs. But their emerald sheen and entertaining behaviors make it worthwhile for enthusiasts!
Conclusion
Green axolotls truly are gorgeous, mythical creatures. Their emerald green color sets them apart from typical gray or albino axolotls.
While caring for these rare salamanders takes dedication and special habitats, they make rewarding pets for experienced keepers. With the right genetics and some luck, you may even breed your own green axolotls one day!
We hope this guide gave you deep insight into these jaw-dropping amphibians. Let us know in the comments if you have any other questions about green axies!