Raccoons may seem like cute and cuddly creatures, but they are actually wild animals that can be challenging to keep as pets. If you’re considering getting a pet raccoon, it’s important to first understand the laws regarding raccoon ownership.

If you’re short on time, here’s a quick answer to your question: Raccoon ownership laws vary widely depending on where you live. Some states allow it while others prohibit it entirely. Even where legal, permits and regulations typically apply.

In this comprehensive guide, we will explore raccoon ownership laws across the United States. We’ll look at which states allow it, which states prohibit it, key regulations to be aware of, and reasons these laws exist.

With the facts in hand, you can make an informed decision about whether owning a pet raccoon is feasible and legal in your area.

States Where It Is Legal to Own a Raccoon

Laws and permits required

Only a handful of states allow people to keep raccoons as pets without a permit. These include Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and West Virginia. However, some counties and municipalities within these states may have additional restrictions, so it’s important to check local ordinances.

States that require a permit to own a raccoon include Arizona, Delaware, Florida, Indiana, Maine, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, and Wisconsin. Permits are often granted for wildlife rehabilitation, educational purposes, or research.

To obtain a permit, pet raccoon owners must prove they can properly care for the animals by meeting enclosure size requirements, submitting veterinary records, and passing inspections. Annual permit renewals and fees are common.

Special facilities or enclosures required

Raccoons are energetic, intelligent animals that need plenty of space. States with pet raccoon regulations typically require outdoor enclosures of at least 100 square feet, with an attached indoor cage or nest box. Fences must be at least 6 feet tall with a protected top and bottom to prevent escape.

Cages must contain branches for climbing and leaves, logs, or straw for nesting. A water source for drinking and bathing is essential. Raccoons also need toys and puzzles to prevent boredom and destructive behaviors.

It’s important to provide proper bedding, litter boxes, and frequent cage cleaning to control odor and prevent disease. Concrete floors make cleaning easier. Proper ventilation, heating, cooling, and lighting should be installed as well.

Most states prohibit free-ranging pet raccoons and require they be kept in a suitable enclosure at all times. This protects both the raccoons and the public.

Owning a pet raccoon is a major commitment. But with the right permits, facilities, and care, it can be a rewarding experience in states where it’s legal.

States Where It Is Illegal to Own a Raccoon

Full bans

Unfortunately for raccoon enthusiasts, there are several states that have enacted full bans on keeping raccoons as pets. This is likely due to concerns over public health and safety, as well as protecting local wildlife populations. Here are some of the states with statewide bans:

  • California – Raccoons are listed as a restricted species and cannot be kept as pets under any circumstances.
  • Georgia – It is illegal to keep any wildlife species, including raccoons, as pets. Only certified wild animal trainers can obtain a permit.
  • Oregon – Raccoons are designated as “predatory animals” and owners must obtain a permit, which is very difficult to get for pet purposes.
  • Virginia – Keeping wildlife species like raccoons is prohibited, with an exception for certain zoo and rehabilitation facilities.

These laws are quite restrictive, so raccoon lovers in these states may have to admire them from afar and volunteer at wildlife rehabilitation centers if they want some hands-on interaction. Of course, respecting laws that aim to protect public health and natural ecosystems is also the responsible thing to do, even if it means giving up the dream of owning an adorable trash panda sidekick.

Partial bans

Some states prohibit keeping raccoons as pets unless certain requirements are met. These types of laws aim to balance public safety with allowing responsible exotic pet ownership under the right circumstances.

  • Iowa – Raccoons can only be kept as pets by facilities licensed by the Iowa Department of Agriculture.
  • Texas – Keeping raccoons requires a Nongame Permit from Texas Parks and Wildlife, which involves meeting strict caging and care requirements.
  • Wisconsin – A permit is required and raccoons must be obtained from a licensed source within the state.

Meeting the requirements for these partial ban states can still be quite difficult for the average person. Extensive caging with climbing structures, regular veterinary care, and proper handling techniques are often mandatory.

Still, a determined and responsible exotic pet lover may be able to legally own a pet raccoon with the right preparation and commitment.

Federal Laws Regarding Raccoon Ownership

At the federal level in the United States, there are no laws specifically prohibiting or regulating private ownership of raccoons. However, the following federal laws may still apply:

Endangered Species Act

The Endangered Species Act protects vulnerable wildlife species and prohibits harming or harassing them. Since raccoons are abundant and not considered endangered or threatened, this law does not restrict raccoon ownership.

Animal Welfare Act

The Animal Welfare Act sets basic standards for humane care and treatment of animals bred for commercial sale and exhibited to the public. However, it excludes private owners who do not sell or exhibit their animals. So it does not regulate care of pet raccoons.

Lacey Act

The Lacey Act combats trafficking of illegal wildlife. It prohibits import, export, sale, acquisition or purchase of fish, wildlife or plants taken, possessed, transported or sold illegally under state, federal or tribal law.

So while it does not directly ban owning raccoons, it restricts their transport across state lines if doing so violates any state laws.

Typical Regulations on Raccoon Ownership

Permits and Licenses

Owning a raccoon often requires special permits or licenses, as they are classified as exotic or wild animals in most states. Here are some key regulations to be aware of:

  • In the United States, regulations vary widely by state. Only a handful of states allow people to keep raccoons as pets without a permit, like Alabama, Idaho, and South Carolina.
  • Most states require a special license or permit issued by the department of natural resources or wildlife agency to possess any native wildlife. Permits often need to be renewed annually.
  • Additionally, states like Texas and Montana require permits specifically for owning raccoons acquired from the wild. Captive-bred raccoons may be easier to obtain permits for.
  • In Canada, provincial laws restrict and regulate raccoon ownership. Permits are required in provinces like Ontario, British Columbia, and Nova Scotia.
  • In the UK, owning any raccoon would require a license from Natural England or the appropriate national agency.

Failing to obtain proper permits to own a raccoon can result in steep fines or the confiscation of the animal. So be sure to fully research the laws where you live!

Enclosure Requirements

Raccoons are clever escape artists, so housing them requires especially secure enclosures. Here are some typical regulations:

  • Outdoor enclosures must have a sturdy roof, walls, and digging barrier extending at least 2 feet underground to prevent escape.
  • Minimum recommended dimensions are 10′ x 10′ x 6′ for one raccoon. 20′ x 10′ x 8′ for a pair.
  • Indoor cages should be metal or wood and have a tight-fitting lid. Multi-level cages provide more space.
  • Cages must have proper ventilation, clean bedding, and litter boxes. Wire mesh floors can cause injury.
  • Access to a pool of water is required since raccoons like to dunk their food and wash their paws.
  • Some states prohibit owning “wild” raccoons altogether and require captive-bred animals.

Authorities will ensure raccoons are housed securely before issuing permits. Escapees can wreak havoc by ransacking trash cans and attics!

Vaccinations and Health Checks

Most states require routine veterinary care to protect rabies-free status. Responsible ownership involves:

  • Initial examinations and vaccines, especially for distemper and rabies.
  • Regular boosters according to your veterinarian’s advice.
  • Annual health certificates may be required for permit renewals.
  • Parasite treatments to prevent internal and external parasites.
  • Immediate vet checks for any signs of illness or unusual behavior.

Reasons for Laws on Raccoon Ownership

Public health concerns

Raccoons can carry diseases like rabies, roundworms, and leptospirosis that can infect humans. According to the CDC, over 90% of rabies cases reported annually occur in wildlife like raccoons. Roundworm eggs found in raccoon feces can also infect humans, especially children, and cause vision loss or blindness.

Given these risks, laws aimed at preventing pet raccoons are intended to protect public health.

In a recent study, over 80% of raccoons in suburban areas tested positive for roundworms. Due to the prevalence of disease among wild raccoon populations, health experts argue pet raccoons also pose contamination risks even if captive bred.

Ultimately laws restrict raccoon ownership to reduce potential transmission to humans.

Environmental impact

Another motivation behind laws is preventing pet raccoons from escaping or being released into new ecosystems. According to wildlife organizations, the environmental impact of invasive species is a leading threat to native plants and animals.

When pet raccoons end up in wild areas far from their natural territory, they can spread disease and displace other wildlife competing for habitat and food.

For example, the Cozumel raccoon population declined up to 95% after invasive raccoons reached Cozumel Island off Mexico. Conservation groups had to implement rehabilitation programs to save the endangered endemic species.

Public safety

Raccoon attacks on humans also prompt laws on raccoon pets. While baby raccoons may seem cute and affectionate, they mature after 1-2 years and demonstrate aggressive territorial instincts from the wild. According to health agencies, pet raccoons injure thousands of Americans annually.

Even veteran wildlife rehabilitators have suffered serious wounds and required surgery from raccoon bites. Ultimately laws aim to prevent public safety issues resulting from underprepared owners struggling to manage captive adult raccoons.

Raccoon-related Injuries Est. 21,000+ annually in the U.S. (Health Data)
Risk of Rabies Transmission 30-40% of infected raccoons can transmit through bites

Conclusion

Owning a raccoon can seem exciting, but it is important to thoroughly research your state and local laws first. Raccoon ownership requires permits and proper facilities in most areas where it is allowed. Additionally, there are public health and environmental reasons these laws exist.

Consider all factors carefully before acquiring a pet raccoon. With adequate planning and awareness of laws, you can make the best decision for you and the raccoon.

We hope this guide has helped explain the complex legal landscape around raccoon ownership in the United States. Be sure to check updated regulations for your area as you weigh your options. Let us know if you have any other questions!

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